Coaxial Cables are widely used for the transmission of electrical energy for one location to another. Coaxial Cables derive their name because of the peculiar configuration in which a dielectric medium separates two conductors. The outer and inner conductors form concentric cylinders with a common axis and hence the name Coaxial Cables.
Construction Of Coaxial Cables:
The central conductor in a Coaxial Cable can be made from a number conducting metals or alloys including copper, tin, silver plated copper, copper clad aluminum, etc. This conductor may be solid or stranded depending upon the application of the cable. The dielectric medium, separating the two conductors is generally made up of materials like polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
The outer conductor is made by braiding together a number of small copper or aluminum conductors. In high frequency applications, there is a need for better attenuation and shield effectiveness. So, in some of the Coaxial Cables there may be additional aluminum foil tapes covering the dielectric core. The jacket material acts as a protective covering also impart flame retardant properties to the cable.
Electrical Properties Of Coaxial Cables:
- Characteristic impedance is the total obstruction to the flow of current within the cable. It is expressed in Ohms and most of the Coaxial Cables are designed as 50 ohm, 75 ohm, and 93 for various applications.
- Capacitance, the capacity of cable to hold electric charge, should not be very high and Coaxial Cables are designed keeping this aspect in mind.
- The frequency and length of the Coaxial Cable determines attenuation or power loss within the cable.
- Thermal dissipation is during transmission is low.
Applications:
Coaxial Cables find a number of applications in various industries. These cables are widely used for video distribution. Their electrical and physical properties make them ideal for Radio Frequency and microwave transmission.
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